Surveys
LIHEAP Survey
June 11, 2001
State-by-State Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program Survey
Responses
Note: The following provides
a state-by-state summary of available information on the status
of each state's Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program
(LIHEAP). As of June 11, 43 states have responded to the survey.
This survey will be updated as additional information becomes
available.
Key Points
- Of the
states that have responded to date to the NEADA summer
survey, 19 states and the District of Columbia reported
that they were either out of funds or had very low balances.
States reporting they were out of funds: District of Columbia,
Iowa, Maine, Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, New Mexico,
Rhode Island, and Wisconsin. States reporting very low
balances: Alabama, Colorado, Georgia, Illinois, Kansas,
Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nebraska, New York,
and Utah.
- The remaining
24 states have at least the same amount of funds available
to help low-income families as they last year at this
time: Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Connecticut,
Delaware, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Indiana, Michigan, New
Jersey, Nevada, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon,
South Carolina, South Dakota, Vermont, Virginia, Washington,
West Virginia and Wyoming.
The NEADA survey follows two earlier
surveys this year. The first survey reported that the number
of new families applying for program assistance had increased
by more than 1 million, bringing the total of recipient families
up to more than 5 million. The second survey, reported that
4.3 million households in 19 states and the District of Columbia
were in arrears on their utility bills and faced possible
shut-off of service. Summary tables from the two surveys are
included at the end of the narrative.
The federal
Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) provides
heating and cooling assistance to low-income families. During
the current fiscal year (October 1, 2001 to September 30,
2002) the program is expected to provide assistance to at
least 5.1 million households, an increase of 1.1 million over
last year. Due to the rapid increase in demand for program
services, many state program managers responded by spending
most, if not all, of their program funds. In contrast to previous
years, states retained fewer funds in order to address the
immediate needs of low-income applicant households.
ALABAMA
Alabama's LIHEAP program has about $2-3 million remaining
this year, which is less than last year as a result of the
worst winter weather for many years and increases in fuel
prices. All remaining funds will be expended for cooling assistance.
The state has always had a cooling program, but there are
less funds available this year. It is estimated an additional
$5-6 million is needed for summer cooling, especially if the
state experiences a severe summer.
ALASKA
Alaska has about 9% of its funding left, which is the same
as last year, in spite of an unusually warm winter this year.
Although there are no winter shut-off moratoria, the state
does help with arrearage payments and shut-off avoidance throughout
the winter as part of the regular heating assistance program.
There is no summer cooling program.
ARIZONA
Arizona runs a year-round program for heating and cooling
and the supplemental contingency dollars received this fiscal
year will be added into contracts effective July 1, 2001.
These funds will be helpful in providing either/or higher
benefit payments and serving more households. Arizona is a
hot weather state and summer has arrived early this year,
with triple digits in early May. As a result, more households
are expected to apply and higher benefits will be needed to
offset increases in utility rates.
ARKANSAS
Arkansas has $1.1 million remaining as of June 1, 2001, compared
to $558,8000 at this time last year. No cooling assistance
program has been planned for the summer. Unless additional
funds are released, Arkansas most likely will not have a summer
cooling program. The state will use all of the remaining funds
to avoid shut-offs, for connection/reconnection fees and on
arrearages, if they are creating a crisis situation for the
household. Approximately $1.2 million is needed to implement
an adequate cooling program. Because of the harsh winter in
Arkansas this year, many families are still trying to pay
large arrearages on both gas and electricity bills in addition
to their current bills.
CALIFORNIA
California has about $900,000 left to provide shut-off and
arrearage repayment assistance. The state is also disbursing
about $30 million dollars from June 1- August 31st for cooling
assistance and has appropriated $120 million dollars to provide
supplemental funding as a result of higher prices due to the
state's energy crisis.
COLORADO
Colorado's caseload increased significantly this year and
there are still 1,000 applications to be processed that were
received before the program ended on April 30th. The current
$1 million balance had been targeted as carryover for the
start-up costs of next year's program, but will instead be
used to fund the remaining applications (at a cost of approximately
$150,000) and continue the year-round furnace repair and summer
fan distribution programs. The summer Crisis Intervention
Program (estimated to cost $200,000) and the summer fan distribution
program (estimated to cost $50,000) may be discontinued for
lack of funding and it appears very likely there won't be
any start up money for next season. By comparison, last year
at this time there was $2.5 million remaining after most cases
had been processed.
CONNECTICUT
Connecticut operates only a heating assistance program and
anticipates approximately $4 million of this year's funding
will be carried forward for start-up of next year's program.
No cooling assistance program is planned, but one will be
provided if weather conditions warrant it and funds are available
early in the season.
DELAWARE
Delaware will have approximately $110,000 of unrestricted
funds remaining at the end of June, compared to $0 last year
at this time. The state has set aside $1.1 million for the
Summer Cooling Assistance Program this year, compared to $600,000
set aside last summer. Although no funds were earmarked for
arrearages last year, the $110,000 balance this year may be
utilized for that purpose. Due to a moratorium from the Public
Service Commission that prohibited the state's largest electric
and gas utility from terminating a customer's utility services
for about 16 months, many households are now faced with arrearages
in the thousands of dollars. Specific numbers of households
that may be eligible are not available, but the $110,000 remaining
at this time would only help approximately 366 households
if they each received a benefit of $300. Delaware is considering
avoiding paying any arrearages if not enough households can
benefit from the $110,000 and using the funds instead to purchase
and install new furnaces under the weatherization program.
Or the state may provide assistance to the most severe cases
of arrearages and help about 110 households at $1,000 each.
If Energy Emergency Contingency Funds are released this summer,
they will primarily be used to help low-income customers with
arrearages who are facing service terminations.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
The District of Columbia operates a 12 month program but ran
out of fund at the end of April. There is a the District might
be able to use some local TANF funds to provide supplemental
cooling assistance this summer.
FLORIDA
By the end of June, Florida's LIHEAP program will have expended
all the winter contingency funds. As a result of the increase
in base funding this year, there is approximately $1 million
(18%) more that will be available for summer cooling assistance
than was expended last year. Typically, the state is able
to provide cooling assistance to less than 5% of the eligible
population. With the increase in base funding this year, the
summer cooling program will be able to assist 1-2% more of
these eligible households. At this time, there does not appear
to be a problem with a backlog of arrearages.
GEORGIA
Any remaining LIHEAP funds in Georgia at the close of the
regular program will be used for cooling assistance. Last
year a total of $5.4 million was expended for cooling assistance,
and this year the current balance available is only $2.1 million
as of May 7, 200l. All of these remaining funds will be used
for cooling assistance. However, at a maximum of $194 per
household, only 10,644 households will be able to receive
cooling assistance. Based on last year's expenditure data,
an additional $1 million is needed for summer cooling. Sufficient
funds are also not available to meet the needs for arrearage/shut-off
avoidance assistance. In order to provide arrearage/shut-off
avoidance assistance, an additional $3.7 million is needed,
since there are 200,000 households in Georgia who owe approximately
$80 million in natural gas bills alone.
HAWAII
Hawaii's program does not begin until June 1.
IDAHO
Idaho has a current balance of $2.9 million as compared to
$1.3 million last year at this time. None of the remaining
dollars are targeted for cooling assistance or arrearage/shut-off
prevention programs at this time.
ILLINOIS
Only $5 million remains in the Illinois LIHEAP program this
year, compared to $17 million last year. This $5 million balance
will be used for summer energy assistance (last year's effort
expended $10 million). The state committed $6 million this
year for arrearage and shut-off prevention programs (compared
to $2 million last year). The Illinois program estimates it
needs $15-20 million for a statewide summer program and $10-15
million for arrearage/shut-off avoidance assistance.
INDIANA
The State of Indiana has a little less than $2 million dollars
remaining in the Energy Assistance budget (which includes
LIHEAP & oil overcharge funds). These funds (about the
same amount as last year) will all be used for summer cooling
and summer fill. Funds have not been set aside for arrearage
assistance this year, nor have they been in the past. The
state is concerned about meeting the needs out of next year's
funding, when it is anticipated many households will be coming
in with high amounts in arrears.
IOWA
Iowa has exhausted all funds available. Approximately 79,000
households received a benefit that lowered their out-of-pocket
expense (energy burden) to 6% of total household income. There
are still approximately 5,000 eligible households that applied,
but who, in the absence of supplemental funding, will not
receive any benefit. Last year at this time, 62,000 households
had received a benefit that lowered their out-of-pocket expense
(energy burden) to 3.5% of total household income and there
was a balance of approximately $2 million unexpended that
was available for cooling emergencies if necessary. Ultimately,
those funds were used for contracting with deliverable fuel
vendors, locking in a lower price in August for delivery beginning
in October. Unfortunately, this will not be an option this
year. If the remaining 5,000 households are to receive the
average benefit that the 79,000 households received, an additional
$2.8 million is needed. In the interim between now and the
receipt of any supplemental funding, those 5,000 households
will have no alternative other than to make payment arrangements
that include the hoped-for LIHEAP benefit.
KANSAS
By March 12th it was determined that applications for LIHEAP
benefits were exceeding the 18.6% increase originally anticipated
for the federal funds available. As a result, central office
instructed field staff to pay only eligible households meeting
the newly defined emergency criteria of: 1) disconnected,
2) out of fuel, or 3) tagged for disconnect (only households
that were not regulated under the shut off moratorium, which
had been extended to April 30th). LIHEAP benefits were paid
out at 100% of the determined benefit matrix for a portion
of the LIHEAP program. Since the amount of funding available
was not sufficient to provide benefits at the 100% amount
to all eligible households, the remaining eligible households
were paid at a prorated portion of the original benefit matrix
amount (47%). If the decision had not been made to pay prorated
benefits, approximately 7,000 eligible households would not
have received any type of energy assistance in a winter in
which fuel costs escalated and the temperatures were extremely
cold. The prorated benefit method was chosen in order to provide
all eligible households as much of a benefit as possible with
the remaining federal funds available. If additional funds
become available the agency will further supplement benefits
to those households that received only a prorated amount.
KENTUCKY
Kentucky only has $100,000 - $150,000 of LIHEAP funding remaining.
Approximately $7 million is needed to operate a cooling program.
Already, early in the season, areas of the state have been
experiencing temperatures in the high 80's with high humidity.
In addition, nearly 3/4 of the state has been declared to
be in a severe drought.
MAINE
All of Maine's LIHEAP funds have been obligated and there
will not be any carryover over for next year. There are no
funds available for summer cooling or arrearage and shut off
avoidance programs, which is the same situation the state
experienced last year.
MARYLAND
Maryland has less than $1 million remaining. These funds will
be used for furnace repair and replacements. The state does
not have any funds available for cooling assistance.
MASSACHUSETTS
Massachusetts will deplete all federal funds with a possibility
of having up to $1 million left for carryover to next fiscal
year. There will be no funds available for cooling assistance.
MICHIGAN
Michigan does not expect to have any funds left at the end
of the program year. Of major concern is that the program
will need to revert to FY 2001 program limits because of reduced
funding in FY 2002 (unless funding is increased to include
the amounts awarded as supplemental appropriations in FY 2001).
This means the program will not be able to increase eligibility
to higher levels of poverty, nor sustain CAPS (rates paid
for energy), despite the fact that customer expenses are increasing.
Additionally weatherization efforts could not continue at
the same level, thereby exacerbating the long-term energy
consumption problem.
MINNESOTA
Applications are up 34.6% over last year at this time and
the benefit level is 34.7% larger to address higher energy
costs. All funds have been exhausted and new applicants are
being turned away, even though the plan states that applications
will be taken until June 1, 2001. Last year there were sufficient
funds to serve all who applied and an additional $4 million
to carryover from FY 2000 to FY 2001. Minnesota has not traditionally
offered cooling assistance. The FY 2001 state plan states
that a medically necessary cooling program will be operated
if funds are available, but it does not appear funds will
available for this purpose.
The state's crisis program, which addresses
disconnections and emergency fuel deliveries, has increased
this year by almost 400% over the previous year. The Public
Utilities Commission estimates that total customer arrearages
are $71 million. There are not sufficient funds to address
those households who are still seeking assistance because
of pending disconnects. Last year the program was able to
assist all eligible households who applied. The PUC also indicates
there are a minimum of 1,000 households statewide who have
medical needs for cooling who may be income eligible for LIHEAP.
An additional $300,000 would be needed to provide each of
these households a benefit of $300. To serve all the applications
currently pending would require an additional $1.9 million.
Another $3 million in requests for crisis assistance are expected
by June 1.
The Minnesota Department of Revenue mailed
applications to 80,000 senior households early in April, and
those applications are just coming in now. Last year a similar
mailing resulted in a 12% return. If a similar return is experienced
this year, an additional $5.4 million will be needed to serve
these households with the average grant of $558. In previous
years carryover funds were used to pre-buy propane and/or
oil for the next heating season. Summer purchases have greatly
benefited low-income households, providing them with more
fuel for their money. In past years, the average early pre-buy
program has purchased $2.3 million in delivered fuels. Unfortunately,
there are not sufficient funds to pursue this activity this
year. The total amount Minnesota needs for the remainder of
this program year is approximately $12.8 million in additional
funds.
MONTANA
Montana has no remaining funds from the regular and emergency
appropriations this year, compared to a $400,000 balance last
year. The state has not been able to offer summer cooling
assistance or assistance with arrearages.
NEBRASKA
Nebraska has approximately $670,000 that has not been designated
for client payments, weatherization, administration or FY
2002 carryover. Approximately $1.7 million that was designated
for FY 2002 carryover can still be used in the current year.
These amounts are less than the balances last year by about
$1 million. Approximately $350,000 will be expended in the
original cooling payment and then as other households qualify
for cooling, the additional payments will increase. This initial
payment is about the same as last year. During the summer
months about $75,000 - $100,000 a week has been expended for
additional cooling and cooling crisis payments. Unless additional
funds are received, Nebraska will not be able to help with
any additional heating arrearages or shut-off notices. Clients
are being advised to make payments over the summer and heating
crisis assistance will be available next winter, as in the
past. An additional $2 million would allow the state to avert
more heating shut-offs.
NEVADA
Although funding for Nevada's LIHEAP program increased by
15% in FY 2001, expenditures were up 22% compared to FY 2000,
a shortfall of approximately 7% for FY 2001. This summer cooling
assistance will be available statewide instead of only in
the southern part of the state, at a total expected cost of
$724,711 (up from $457,284). Due to limited federal funding
in Nevada, the program was not designed to pay off arrearages,
but eligible households can avoid shut-off by paying a portion
of the outstanding balance. FY 2001 funding will be used to
start up the 2002 LIHEAP Program effective July 1, 2001, which
will run through May 31, 2002 (11 months). It is estimated
42% of the funding used will be used to assist households,
statewide, with cooling costs. This is a new component. FY
2000 funding was not delineated for specific cooling needs.
Only households in southern Nevada had their regular LIHEAP
benefit split between their heating provider and their cooling
provider. Approximately 55% of the households receiving LIHEAP
benefits live in the southern part of the state where temperatures
are easily above 100 degrees during the summer.
Approximately 146,000 households in Nevada
are below 150% of the poverty level. Natural gas prices have
increased 68% statewide, and electric costs, thus far, have
climbed approximately 14%. However, incremental electric increases
up to 45% have been presented to the PUC and are likely to
be approved. Propane has increased 75%. Nevada increased the
benefits for clients using these three major fuel sources,
retroactively. The average benefit will be $304 once these
retroactive supplemental payments are made (within the next
30 days). As such, if Nevada receives the same funding in
FY 2002 as was received in FY 2001, the LIHEAP program will
only be able to serve 7,988 households. This represents only
5% of the state's low-income households at 150% of poverty.
Experts have presented data to the Nevada Legislature projecting
the average monthly summer electric bill in southern Nevada
will be $275 by next year. LIHEAP pays a one-time average
benefit of $304 per year. Low-income households, particularly
those on fixed incomes such as the elderly and disabled, will
be unable to pay such high cooling costs. As it is now, these
people must make choices between medicine, food, or power.
NEW HAMPSHIRE
New Hampshire reports that all combined emergency/regular
appropriations for FY 2001 have been obligated. Any remaining
funds will be used to restore monies originally targeted for
the state's weatherization program. The increased demand for
assistance this winter season (18% increase in the number
of households enrolled) caused the state to suspend other
fuel assistance program components including the Summer Pre-buy
program. At this point, sufficient funds do not exist to fully
restore the two programs for this program year. Last year
at this time approximately $409,185 had not been obligated.
A cooling assistance program is not a regular component of
New Hampshire's LIHEAP program.
At this point, the state is not in a
position to further address the need to assist with arrearage
payments and shut-off avoidance. Due to the demand for assistance
and available LIHEAP funding, the program could not be extended
beyond April 30th this year. Last year, the program was open
for an additional month (to May 21, 2000). Although an analysis
has not yet been completed on the amount of funds necessary
to assist with arrearage/shut-off avoidance, the largest utility
in the state has reported that as of March 30, 2001 the amount
of residential accounts receivable had increased by 84% over
last year (approximately $2.2 million).
NEW JERSEY
New Jersey has not exhausted its FY 2001 funding. Although
New Jersey raised its income limit to 175% of the federal
poverty level and extended its application period, the state
did not receive as many applications as anticipated. Remaining
funds (up to 10% of total funds) will be transferred to the
Weatherization Assistance Program after all outstanding applications
for assistance are processed.
NEW MEXICO
New Mexico has no remaining LIHEAP funding. The program has
remained open with money received from the State. Even with
the supplemental benefits that were issued, there are daily
reports of households losing service or unable to purchase
propane. The average benefit this year is $250, whereas the
average benefit in FY 2000 was $118.
NEW YORK
As of May 25th, New York estimates a LIHEAP funding balance
of only $23 million, which includes funds carried forward
from FY 2000 to FY 2001. Last year at this time the balance
was $35 million. No cooling assistance is provided, nor does
the state set aside funds for arrearage payments and shut-off
avoidance. Crisis funds are still available to avert shut-offs
through the HEAP emergency component.
NORTH DAKOTA
After meeting all commitments (including weatherization and
other services), North Dakota will have about $2.5 million
remaining. There is no "cooling program" as such,
but the program does purchase air conditioners for people
with a medical need, at a total cost of approximately $200,000.
Expenditures in the emergency (crisis) program have been 84%
higher this year than last.
OHIO
Ohio's LIHEAP program will expend about $5 million on cooling
assistance this year, which is the same as last year. A supplemental
heating assistance benefit will be provided to everyone assisted
in FY 2001 with the remainder of the uncommitted funds (estimated
to be around $20 million). Because so many households had
such high natural gas bills this winter (and 75% of the households
assisted use natural gas), this additional benefit will lessen
the chances of these households facing a shut-off during the
summer. This additional benefit was not provided in FY 2000.
The contingency funds provided benefits to an additional 50,000
households this year, who will have to be turned away and/or
benefit/eligibility levels reduced if funding in FY 2002 is
not at the same level as FY 2001.
OKLAHOMA
In addition to the $16.2 million Oklahoma received in LIHEAP
funds this year, $11.5 million was transferred into the program
from TANF, and $4.8 million was received from the state. The
estimated balance remaining, after excluding the $1.5 million
set aside for crisis assistance and summer cooling, is only
$3.7 million.
OREGON
Oregon has expended about 80% of the total funding received.
If the additional contingency funds had not been allocated
to the state this year, the program would have been fully
expended by the beginning of January. The remaining funding
will probably be targeted for weatherization assistance and
pre-purchases of oil and bulk propane. Additionally, some
cooling assistance may be provided in the eastern part of
the state or in the metro area where more households reside
in apartments.
RHODE ISLAND
For the most part, Rhode Island's program is currently out
of funds that were allocated for fuel bills. Last year the
program was able to stay open for most of the summer to help
out with shut-offs. It does not appear there will be funds
available for cooling or summer crisis, although $3-4 million
is needed.
SOUTH CAROLINA
South Carolina has approximately $779,308 remaining from this
year's combined emergency fund/regular appropriations, compared
to $259,400 last year. An estimated $3,024,995 will be used
for cooling assistance, compared to $1.3 million last year.
Although the maximum benefit was raised from $250 to $800
this year, there are still a large number of households in
arrearage. The largest utility company in the state is averaging
37,000 arrearages a month. Given the maximum benefit of $800,
an additional $1 million is needed to provide assistance to
alleviate these arrearages.
SOUTH DAKOTA
South Dakota has less than 10% of the funds received this
year remaining, which is about the same as last year. No summer
cooling assistance is available, and, although the state is
getting reports of very large arrearages, there are no funds
available to help families deal with their balances or prevent
shut-offs.
UTAH
Utah has set aside $500,000 for cooling and crisis assistance
this year, compared to $650,000 last year. The state provides
cooling assistance only as part of the crisis program. It
is anticipated the need in FY 2002 will exceed that experienced
this year. Funds may have to be taken out of the 10% carryover
set aside for next year to supplement crisis/cooling assistance
through the summer.
VERMONT
In Vermont out of $14.5 million received in FY 2001 (block
grant, contingency grants, carry forward, leveraging incentive,
and reallotment funds) only $490,000 has not been allocated
(3%). Last year at this time, out of $11.4 million, $685,000
had not been allocated (or 6%). None of the remaining funds
are targeted for cooling assistance or arrearage payments
and shut-off avoidance. Last year, $200,000 was allocated
for spring, summer, and fall emergency assistance (heat and
electric service disconnections - but not cooling assistance).
Vermont does not anticipate a similar allocation will be available
this year.
VIRGINIA
Virginia has approximately $3 million remaining from its combined
emergency fund/regular appropriations for FY 2001, which is
the same as last year. Also, as last year, this entire amount
will be targeted for summer cooling assistance. Based on applications
received last year through the cooling assistance program,
this amount is not sufficient to meet the need. Virginia would
need an additional $2.1 million to serve the number of applicants
from last year. The state does not have a program that specifically
targets clients with arrearages and/or cutoffs because the
current appropriation does not provide sufficient funds to
initiate a new targeted type of assistance. However, due to
the tremendous increases in fuel costs during the past winter
many citizens experienced severe hardship in making payments
and are now threatened with shut-off and have huge arrearages.
In assessing the need for additional assistance for both utilities
and deliverable fuels, the state estimates a need for an additional
$5.6 million, based on the 1999-00 fuel case count plus the
2000-01 crisis case count.
WASHINGTON
Washington anticipates serving 25% of the eligible households
this year, which leaves 75% unserved. If the federal appropriation
for FY 2002 is only $1.4 billion, the state will only be able
to serve about 19% of the eligible population.
WEST VIRGINIA
West Virginia estimates a current unencumbered LIHEAP balance
of $2.5 million. None of the remaining funds is earmarked
for cooling or arrearage/shut-off avoidance. However, a supplemental
payment to LIHEAP households that contain a person age 60
or older may be used for heating arrearages or to offset anticipated
cooling costs. A minimum of $1 million is needed for cooling
assistance.
West Virginia utilizes an automated benefit
issuance/eligibility determination system called RAPIDS. Cost
allocations for workers to enter applications into the system
mount up quickly, making it necessary to keep the LIHEAP season
short. No state funds are used for LIHEAP at this time. Additional
funds are needed to help the state's most vulnerable households.
WISCONSIN
Wisconsin has depleted all LIHEAP funds available, in contrast
to last year when there was over $4 million left to use for
summer fills, arrearages, etc. in preparation for the next
heating season. There are no funds available for cooling assistance
this summer, and the state will only be able to operate a
cooling program if supplemental funds are awarded for this
purpose and if there is a heat emergency declared in the state.
Although the state intended to provide a supplemental allocation
to local agencies for crisis assistance, it has not been able
to do so because of the costs for the basic heating assistance
payments. Based on current federal funding levels (the President's
budget) the state will receive $31 million less for the next
heating season than was received through regular and supplemental
appropriations this year. Even if the level proposed by the
Senate were adopted, Wisconsin would still receive $11 million
less that was awarded this year. Caseloads for the regular
heating assistance program are up over 30% in numbers of paid
households and up 70% in the dollar amount of heating assistance
paid. The amount of crisis funds available to local agencies
has also been increased by over 200%. For the first time the
state provided $14 million of utility public benefits dollars,
which was used primarily for electric benefits.
WYOMING
Although Wyoming currently has a remaining LIHEAP balance
of about $1.2 million left, these funds will be used for additional
benefits and administrative costs. There is no summer cooling
assistance program and the crisis portion of the regular program
concluded on May 15th. Although sufficient funds were available
for this year, the need is increasing rapidly with higher
fuel costs, which will result in higher numbers and amounts
of arrearages next year.
SURVEYS
Date: June 11, 2001
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